ACT Form A10 Math Answer Explanation



2017 December(A10) Math Question 1

Equation of a Line

- One Event

1. A marble will be randomly selected from a bag of solid-colored marbles. The probability of selecting a red marble is 5/19. The probability of selecting a blue marble is 4/19. What is the probability of selecting a red marble or a blue marble?

Choice B

$$p=\frac{5}{19}+\frac{4}{19}=\frac{9}{19}$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 2

Number Types & Properties

- One Event

2. The graph below shows the number of students who were present on Thursday from each of the 5 groups in Ms. Meagan's class. What is the probability that a student selected at random from the class on Thursday is in Group 4 ?

Choice G

$$p=\frac{2}{8+12+6+2}=\frac{2}{28}=\frac{1}{14}$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 4

Angles

- Absolute Value Expressions

4. What is |3 - x| when x = 8 ?

Choice H

$$|3-x|=|3-8|=|-5|=5$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 5

Perimeter, Area, Volume

- Temperature

5. When Tyrese fell asleep one night, the temperature was 24°F. When Tyrese awoke the next morning, the temperature was —16°F. Letting + denote a rise in temperature and — denote a drop in temperature, what was the change in temperature from the time Tyrese fell asleep until the time he awoke?

Choice A

Let d be the change in temperature: $$24+d=-16\Rightarrow d=-40$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 6

Equation of a Line

- Fixed Cost + Variable Cost

6. Ming purchased a car that had a purchase price of $5,400, which included all other costs and tax. She paid $1,000 as a down payment and got a loan for the rest of the purchase price. Ming paid off the loan by making 28 payments of $200 each. The total of all her payments, including the down payment, was how much more than the car's purchase price?

Choice G

$$1000+200\times 28-5400=1200$$


Choice E

a10

It can be proved that each side equals to 4. $$perimeter=4\times 6=24$$


Choice J

a10

$$S_1=22\times40=880\\$$ $$S_2=22\times28=616\\$$ $$\Rightarrow S_1+S_2=1496$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 10

Algebraic & Function Expressions

- Nested Functions

10. Given that f(x) = 3x + 7 and g(x) = x^2/2, what is the
value of f(g(4))?

Choice H

$$g(4)=\frac{4^2}{2}=\frac{16}{2}=8\\$$$$\Rightarrow f(g(4))=f(8)=3\times 8+7=31$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 11

Perimeter, Area, Volume

- Fixed Cost + Variable Cost

11. At her hot dog stand, Julie sells hot dogs for $2 each. Purchasing hot dogs and other supplies costs $200 per month. The solution of which of the following inequalities models the numbers of hot dogs, h, Julie can sell per month and make a profit?

Choice E

$$profit=sales \ revenue-cost \ of \ sales=2h-200>0$$


Choice G

$$3x+8y=5$$ $$\Rightarrow 8y=-3x+5 $$ $$\Rightarrow y=-\frac{3}{8}x+\frac{5}{8}$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 13

Equation of a Line

- Systems of Equations

13. Which of the following (x,y) pairs is the solution for the system of equations x + 2y = 2 and —2x + y = 16 ?

Choice A

$$x+2y=2\ (given)\Rightarrow x=2-2y \ (a)\\$$ $$-2x+y=16 \ (given) \ and \ (a) \Rightarrow -2(2-2y)+y=16\Rightarrow y=4 \\$$ $$\Rightarrow x= 2-2\times4=-6$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 14

Word Problems

- Proportions & Ratios

14. On a map, 1/4 inch represents 16 actual miles. Two towns that are 2 3/4 inches apart on this map are how many actual miles apart?

Choice K

$$\frac{x \ miles}{2\frac{3}{4}inches}=\frac{16\ miles}{\frac{1}{4}\ inches}\\$$ $$\Rightarrow \frac{x}{\frac{11}{4}}=\frac{16}{\frac{1}{4}}\\$$ $$\Rightarrow \frac{x}{11}=\frac{16}{1}\\$$ $$\Rightarrow x=16\times11=176 \ miles$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 15

Word Problems

- Addition & Subtraction

15. Which of the following matrices is equal to 4

Choice E

$$4\begin{bmatrix}-1&2\\0&-4\\ \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}-1\times4&2\times4\\0\times4&-4\times4\\ \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}-4&8\\0&-16\\ \end{bmatrix}$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 16

Statistics

- Pythagorean Theorem & sin cos tan

16. What is the value of tan A in right triangle AABC below?

Choice J

$$tan \ A=\frac{15}{8}$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 17

Perimeter, Area, Volume

- Distance, Speed, Time

17. Tina runs at a rate of 8 miles per hour. At that rate, how many miles will she run in 12 minutes?

Choice D

$$x=\frac{8 \ miles}{60 \ minutes}\times12 \ minutes=1\frac{3}{5}$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 18

Statistics

- Nested Functions

18. A function f(x) is defined as f(x) = —6x^2. What is f(-3) ?

Choice G

$$f(-3)=-6\cdot(-3)^2=-6\cdot9=-54$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 19

Trigonometry

- Collinear Points & Triangles

19. In the figure below, A is on BE and C is on BD. What is the measure of ZABC ?


2017 December(A10) Math Question 20

Perimeter, Area, Volume

- General Sequences

20. Marcos programs his calculator to evaluate a linear function, but he doesn't say what the function is. When 5 is entered, the calculator displays the value 2. When 15 is entered, the calculator displays the value 6. Which of the following expressions explains what the calculator will display when any number, n, is entered?

Choice F

$$Let \ the \ linear \ function \ be \ y=kx+b \\$$ $$\Rightarrow 2=5k+b\\$$ $$6=15k+b\\$$ $$\Rightarrow k=\frac{2}{5},\ b=0\\$$ $$y=\frac{2}{5}x$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 21

Perimeter, Area, Volume

- General Sequences

21. On Friday, the temperature at 8:00 a.m. was 49°F and rose at a constant rate of °F per hour until noon. A cold front passed through at noon, and the temperature then fell at a constant rate of 1°F per hour. The temperature first fell below 49°F between:

Choice C

When at noon (12pm), the …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 22

Word Problems

- Percents & Fractions

22. Letter grades in Hugo’s math class are based on the percent of the total possible points on 4 unit exams (each worth 100 points) and the final exam (worth 200 Points) and are assigned according to the chart below.

Choice K

Let the points on the …


Choice A

The area of 10 pins …


Choice G

$$\frac{65\times3\frac{1}{2}}{5\times3\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{13}{1} $$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 25

Graphing Properties

- Mean, Median

25. What score will Halle need to earn in her 3rd game to have an average score of 172 for the 3 games?

Choice D

$$\frac{148+176+x}{3}=172 \\ $$ $$\Rightarrow x=192 …


Choice F

$$l=3w\\$$ $$ S=l\cdot w=3w^2=300 \\$$ …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 27

Word Problems

- Other Shapes

27. A parallelogram has a perimeter of 96 inches, and 1 of its sides measures 16 inches. If it can be determined, what are the lengths, in inches, of the other 3 sides?

Choice C

$$16+16+2x=96 \\$$ $$ \Rightarrow x=32 …


Choice H

a10

8+6+12+8+6+12=52


2017 December(A10) Math Question 29

Trigonometry

- More than One Event

29. At Central High School, 4 out of every 10 students ride the bus to and from school, and 3 out of every 8 who ride the bus are freshmen. If there are 2,500 students at Central, how many of the students are freshmen who ride the bus?

Choice A

$$2500\times \frac{4}{10}\times \frac{3}{8}=375$$


Choice H

$$\sin^2 \theta+\cos^2\theta=1 \\$$ $$\Rightarrow \cos\theta=\pm …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 31

Exponents, Radicals, & Scientific Notation

- Factoring

31. Given f(x) = x+2 , what is(are) the real value(s) of t for which f(t) = t ?

Choice C

$$f(t)=\frac {2}{t+1}=t \\ $$ $$\Rightarrow …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 32

Trigonometry

- Pythagorean Theorem & sin cos tan

In the figure below, a highway rest area (at D) and radar stations (at A and B) lie on a level east-west line; A is 9,000 feet due west of D. An airplane (at C) is shown directly above the rest area, flying due west at a constant speed of 300 feet per second and at a constant altitude of 12,000 feet. The airplane is located at,a straight-line distance of 15,000 feet from the radar station at A and 13,000 feet from the radar station at B.

Choice J

a10

$$ BD=\sqrt{BC^2-CD^2}=\sqrt{13000^2-12000^2}=5000\\$$ $$\Rightarrow AB=AD+DB=9000+5000=14000$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 33

Logarithms

- Equations that Describe a Line

33. Let A, C, and D lie in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane such that A is at (0,0) and D is at (9,000, 0). Which of the following equations represents the line along which the airplane is flying?

Choice C

a10


2017 December(A10) Math Question 34

Probability

- Distance, Speed, Time

34. Which of the following values is closest to the number of seconds it will take for the airplane to fly from C to the point directly above the radar station at A ?

Choice G

$$ t=\frac{9000}{300}=30$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 35

Equation of a Line

- Collinear Points & Triangles

35. When considering the changing triangle formed by A, B, and the moving airplane (C), which of the angles below increases in measure as the airplane flies due west beyond the point directly above A ?

Choice A

B is apparently decreasing. C …


Choice G

$$\frac{3}{4}\times 4 \times w=50\% \times …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 37

Equation of a Line

- Solve Algebraic Expressions

37. What is the solution set of the equation x + 6 = 2(x + 3) — x ?

Choice E

$$ x+6=2(x+3)-x \\$$ $$ \Rightarrow …


Choice J

Let L be the length …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 39

Statistics

- General Statistics

39. There are exactly 5 people in a bookstore at 12:00 p.m. Each person earns an annual income that is between $30,000 and $35,000. No one enters or leaves the bookstore until 12:15 p.m., when a professional athlete with an annual income of more than $1,000,000 enters the bookstore and joins the other 5 people. The mean, median, range, and standard deviation of the annual incomes of the 5 people in the bookstore at 12:00 p.m. are calculated and compared to, the same 4 statistics of the annual incomes of the 6 people in the bookstore at 12:15 p.m. If it can be determined, which of the 4 statistics changed the least?

Choice C

The range and the mean …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 40

Perimeter, Area, Volume

- Percents & Fractions

40. Ana and Amy started a landscaping job together. When Ana stopped, she had completed of the job. When Amy stopped, she had completed 1/3 of the job. Then Ruben completed the rest of the job in 2 hours. Assume that Ana, Amy, and Ruben all worked at the same rate. Which of the following values is closest to the number of hours it would have taken 1 of them to complete the entire job alone?

Choice K

Ruben completed $$1-\frac{2}{5}-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{4}{15}$$ The total …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 41

Perimeter, Area, Volume

- Radical Expressions

41. If a and b are positive real numbers, which of the following is equivalent to

Choice C

$$\frac{(2a^{-1}\sqrt{b})^4}{ab^{-3}}=\frac{2^4a^{-4}(\sqrt{b})^4}{ab^{-3}}=\frac{16b^2}{a^5b^{-3}}=\frac{16b^5}{a^5}$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 42

Algebraic & Function Expressions

- More than One Event

42. To become a contestant on a quiz show, a person must correctly order 4 rock stars by age, from youngest to oldest. The contestant knows which one is the oldest rock star, but randomly guesses at the order of the other 3 rock stars. What is the probability the contestant will get all 4 in the correct order?

Choice G

There is only one correct …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 43

Perimeter, Area, Volume

- Percents & Fractions

43. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to

Choice D

$$\frac{\frac{x}{3}+\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{\frac{2x+3}{6}}{\frac{8-3}{12}}=\frac{\frac{2x+3}{6}}{\frac{5}{12}}=\frac{2x+3}{6}\cdot \frac{12}{5}=\frac{(2x+3)\cdot2}{5}=\frac{4x+6}{5}$$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 44

Equation of a Line

- Combinations

$$\frac{\frac{x}{3}+\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{\frac{2x+3}{6}}{\frac{8-3}{12}}=\frac{\frac{2x+3}{6}}{\frac{5}{12}}=\frac{2x+3}{6}\cdot \frac{12}{5}=\frac{(2x+3)\cdot2}{5}=\frac{4x+6}{5}$$

Choice K

10×10×10×26×26×26=17576000


2017 December(A10) Math Question 45

Conics

- Graphing Trig Functions

45. The function y = f(x) is graphed in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane below.

Choice A

The function is moved to …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 46

Sequences and Patterns

- Logarithm Expressions

46. When log5 x -= –2, what is x ?

Choice K

$$ x=5^{-2}=\frac{1}{25} $$


2017 December(A10) Math Question 47

Probability

- LCM, GCF, Prime Numbers

47. Which of the following lists those integer values of D for which the fraction lies between 5 and ?

Choice D

$$\frac{1}{5}=\frac{2}{10} \\$$ $$ \frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{6}$$ The …


Choice F

The effect of a number …


Choice B

a10

$$ 39^2=38^2+37^2-2\times38\times37cos\ C \\$$ $$ …


Choice K

$$ x+2=\frac{4x+(x+s)}{5} \\$$ $$ \Rightarrow …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 51

Conics

- Vertex Angles & Bisectors

51. The intersection of lines 1 and m forms the 4 angles LA, LB, LC, and LD. The measure of LB is 3f times the measure of LA. Which of the following values is closest to the measure of LA ?

Choice D

a10

As seen from the diagram, …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 52

Probability

- Arithmetic Sequences

52. A sequence is defined for all positive integers by sr, = 2s(„__ ,) + n + 1 and si = 3. What is s4 ?

Choice J

$$ s_2=2s_1+3=2\times3+3=9 \\$$ $$ s_3=2s_2+4=2\times9+4=22 …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 53

Trigonometry

- Absolute Value Expressions

53. If a is an integer less than -1, which of the following orders the expressions I a -a2, and - —a from least value to greatest value?

Choice E

Let a be -2: $$ …


Choice J

$$ Expected \ value \ …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 55

Perimeter, Area, Volume

- General Sequences

55. Which of the following is equivalent to the sum of any 3 consecutive odd integers, x, y, and z, such that x < y < z ?

Choice B

Since x, y and z …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 56

Statistics

- Mean, Median

56. The mean of the set of 5 numbers {42, 3, 11, 27, x} is 24, and the median of the set of 4 numbers {53, 8, 29, y) is 38. If it can be determined, which of the following values is equal to x-y?

Choice G

$$ 24=\frac{42+3+11+27+x}{5} \Rightarrow x=37 \\$$ …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 57

Matrices

- Triangles, Squares, Rectangles, Circles

57. Consider all rectangles such that the rectangle’s length is greater than the rectangle’s width and the length and width are whole numbers of inches. Which of the following perimeters, in inches, is NOT possible for such a rectangle with an area of 144 square inches?

Choice A

For A: $$ \\2\times(W+L)=48 \Rightarrow …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 58

Number Types & Properties

- Circles

58. The equation (x — 7)2 + (y — 8)2 = 10 is that of a circle that lies in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane. One endpoint of a diameter of the circle has y-coordinate 11. What is the y-coordinate of the other endpoint of that diameter?

Choice J

a10

$$(x-7)^2+(y-8)^2=10 \\ $$ $$y=11 \\$$ …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 59

Perimeter, Area, Volume

- Other Shapes

59. The plans for a diving pool call for a rectangular prism that has a length of 30 meters, a width of 25 meters, and a depth of 5 meters. If the plans are changed to increase both the length and the width of the pool by 10%, what will be the increase, to the nearest 1%, in the volume of the pool?

Choice D

$$V_0=30\times25\times5\\$$ $$ V_1=30\times 110\%\times 25\times110\%\times5=(110\%)^2\times30\times25\times5=(110\%)^2\times …


2017 December(A10) Math Question 60

Quadratic Equations

- Graphing Quadratic Equations

60. One solution of the equation 4×3 — 212 + x + 7 = 0 is x = —1. Which of the following describes the other 2 solutions?

Choice K

a10